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牛顿
Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 (by the Julian calendar then in use; or January 4, 1643 by the current Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, England. He was born the same year Galileo died. Newton is clearly the most influential scientist who ever lived. His accomplishments in mathematics, optics, and physics laid the foundations for modern science and revolutionized the world.
Newton was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge where he lived from 1661 to 1696. During this period he produced the bulk of his work on mathematics. In 1696 he was appointed Master of the Royal Mint, and moved to London, where he resided until his death.
As mathematician, Newton invented integral calculus, and jointly with Leibnitz, differential calculus. He also calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a gas which was later corrected by Laplace.
Newton made a huge impact on theoretical astronomy. He defined the laws of motion and universal gravitation which he used to predict precisely the motions of stars, and the planets around the sun. Using his discoveries in optics Newton constructed the first reflecting telescope.
Newton found science a hodgepodge of isolated facts and laws, capable of describing some phenomena, and predicting only a few. He left it with a unified system of laws, that could be applied to an enormous range of physical phenomena, and used to make exact predications. Newton published his works in two books, namely "Opticks" and "Principia."
Newton died in London on March 20, 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to be accorded this honor. A review of an encyclopedia of science will reveal at least two to three times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist. A 18th century poem written about Sir Isaac Newton states it best:
“Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night:
God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.
—Alexander Pope
用英语介绍一位中国科学家
艾萨克·牛顿简介艾萨克·牛顿[1]，Isaac newton(1643年1月4日—1727年3月20日)是英国伟大的数学家、物理学家、天文学家和自然哲学家，同时他也是一个神学爱好者，晚年曾着力研究神学。1643年1月4日生于英格兰林肯郡格兰瑟姆附近的沃尔索普村,1727年3月20日在伦敦病逝。
牛顿1661年入英国剑桥大学圣三一学院，1665年获文学士学位。随后两年在家乡躲避瘟疫。这两年里，他制定了一生大多数重要科学创造的蓝图。1667年回剑桥后当选为圣三一学院院委，次年获硕士学位。1669年任卢卡斯教授直到1701年。1696年任皇家造币厂监督，并移居伦敦。1703年任英国皇家学会会长。1706年受女王安娜封爵。他晚年潜心于自然哲学与神学。
牛顿在科学上最卓越的贡献是创建了微积分和经典力学。
备注：牛顿是儒略历1642年12月25日 即格里历（阳历）1643年1月4日 所以正确的出生日期是1月4号Isaac Newton introduction to Isaac Newton [1], Isaac Newton (four-year-old jan. 4-1727 on March 20th) is the greatest mathematician and physicist, astronomers and natural philosophers, while he is also a theological studies have put in lover, theology. Four-year-old on January 4, was born in England lincolnshire near grantham of wal-mart thorpe village, on March 20, died in London.
Newton 1661, university of Cambridge, UK, into the holy trinity college in 1665, bachelor of arts degree. Two years later in my hometown avoid plague. These two years, he formulated the life most important scientific and create the blueprint. Cambridge in 1667 back after elected at trinity college courtyard, the committee with a master's degree. Responsible in 1669 by professor until 1701. Lucas, In 1696 as the royal mint supervision, and moved to London. Tsar British royal association. By the queen Anna conferment 1706. He spent his last years concentrates on natural philosophy and theology.
Newton in science is the most outstanding contributions to create the calculus and classical mechanics.
Note: Newton's Julian calendar in 1642, December 25th Gregorian (Gregorian calendar) four-year-old on January 4, so the correct birth date is January 4
Yuan Longping
Born in Peking, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in China in 1953, and then was assigned to teach crop genetics and breeding at an agricultural school in Hunan Province. He began his research in hybrid rice development in 1964 and subsequently was transferred to the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1971 to serve as a research professor. It was there, two years later, that he achieved a major scientific breakthrough as he successfully developed the genetic materials essential for breeding high-yielding hybrid rice varieties.
Professor Yuan is widely acknowledged for the discovery of the genetic basis of heterosis in rice—a phenomenon in which the progeny of two distinctly different parents grow faster, yield more, and resist stress better than either parent. In developing his “three-line system” of hybrid rice, Professor Yuan and his team soon produced a commercial hybrid rice variety called Nan-you No. 2, which was released in 1974. With yields 20 percent higher than previous varieties, Professor Yuan’s new crop immediately began to improve food availability in China.
In the three decades following his breakthrough achievement, planting of this new crop has spread so widely, so that now almost half of China’s rice production area is planted in hybrid rice with a 20 percent higher yield over previous varieties. This translates into food to feed approximately 60 million more people per year in China alone. Beyond this exceptional accomplishment, Professor Yuan has built an additional legacy of combating food shortages and hunger through his:
--Developing of a new technique for increasing hybrid seed yields through restriction of self-pollination;
--Facilitating the establishment of the hybrid rice seed production industry in China;
--Developing new strategies to further improve hybrid rice
--Developing a successful two-line system of hybrid rice;
--Developing higher yielding “super hybrid rice”;
--Spreading his techniques for hybrid rice throughout Asia and to Africa and the Americas; and
--Training thousands of scientists and researchers from over 25 countries.
Professor Yuan has shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists, providing them with crucial breeding materials for the commercial production of hybrid rice in their respective countries. Farmers in more than ten other countries besides China, including the United States, have thus benefited from his work, gaining access to a technology they may otherwise never have enjoyed.
Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo praised Professor Yuan Longping for “spurring the rapid development of hybrid rice in the Philippines and other Asian countries, such as Vietnam, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Indonesia.”
The Minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay, Martin Aguirrezabala, lauded Professor Yuan for the training programs he conducted and for his valuable assistance to developing countries in expanding hybrid rice production.
Professor Yuan’s pioneering research has helped transform China from food deficiency to food security within three decades. His accomplishments and clear vision helped create a more abundant food supply and, through food security, a more stable world. Professor Yuan’s distinguished life’s work has caused many to call him the “Father of Hybrid Rice,” while his continuing research offers even more promise for world food security and adequate nutrition for the world’s poor.
Professor Yuan’s remarkable achievements in hybrid rice research have previously won him numerous awards and honors, including China’s State Supreme Science and Technology Award, the 2001 Magsaysay Award, the UN FAO Medal of Honor for Food Security, and the 2004 Wolf Prize in Agriculture.
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